Emergency & Acute Care Medicine

Orthopedic Emergencies

Orthopedic emergencies are medical situations that involve sudden and severe injuries or conditions affecting the musculoskeletal system, which includes bones, joints, muscles, ligaments, tendons, and other connective tissues. These emergencies often require immediate medical attention to prevent further damage, relieve pain, and promote healing. Here are some common types of orthopedic emergencies:

• Fractures: A fracture is a break in a bone. It can be a simple break or a more complex fracture where the bone may be displaced or even break through the skin (open fracture). Fractures can cause severe pain, swelling, and deformity.


• Dislocations: A dislocation occurs when a bone is forced out of its normal position at a joint. Common dislocations include shoulder dislocations and finger joint dislocations. Dislocations can result in intense pain, loss of movement, and visible joint deformity.


• Sprains and Strains: A sprain involves the stretching or tearing of ligaments (connective tissues that connect bones at joints), while a strain involves the stretching or tearing of muscles or tendons. These injuries can cause pain, swelling, and limited movement.


• Compartment Syndrome: This occurs when pressure within a muscle compartment (a group of muscles surrounded by a tough membrane called fascia) builds up to dangerous levels, potentially cutting off blood supply and damaging nerves. It can be caused by trauma, fractures, or intense exercise.


• Spinal Cord Injuries: Trauma to the spinal cord can result in serious neurological deficits, including paralysis, loss of sensation, and impaired bodily functions. Immediate immobilization and medical attention are crucial to prevent further damage.


• Open Wounds and Soft Tissue Injuries: These include injuries that involve open fractures, deep cuts, or injuries where the skin is compromised. These injuries are prone to infection and require thorough cleaning, wound closure, and sometimes surgical intervention.


• Septic Arthritis: This is a joint infection that can cause sudden joint pain, swelling, redness, and fever. It requires urgent medical treatment with antibiotics and possibly joint drainage.


• Acute Complications of Pre-existing Conditions: People with conditions like osteoporosis, osteoarthritis, or rheumatoid arthritis can experience sudden worsening of symptoms or complications that require immediate attention.


• Crush Injuries: These occur when a body part is subjected to significant pressure, often seen in accidents involving heavy machinery or objects. Crush injuries can result in tissue damage, fractures, and sometimes compartment syndrome.


• Acute Back Pain: Sudden and severe back pain, especially after trauma or heavy lifting, could be due to conditions like vertebral fractures, herniated discs, or spinal cord compression.